2013-03-25

3。養成好習慣



問 Ben Hogan, 高爾夫的秘訣是什麽。是「把球趕進洞裡,用越少桿越好」。問 Warren Buffet 買賣股票的訣竅; 要 "Buy low, sell high." 白問了。兩位高人懶得跟記者牛彈琴。對我無益。我要知到的不是 「做什麽」,而是 「怎麽做」。左看看右瞧瞧,看可不可以有點靈感。

兒子上初中時,學校 open house。黑板上有這一句亞里斯多德的話<1>:
「我們一遍又一遍不斷的做的事定義我們的成就。因此,出類拔萃不是單一的表現,而是一個習慣。」

NBA 名教練 Phil Jackson 一天到晚要 Shaquille O'Neal 讀哲學書<2>。大概因此,O'Neal 領會了;也說「傑出的表現不是單一的行為,而是習慣。」<3>

豐田汽車品質口碑好。其來有自。創辦人豊田佐吉從創社就堅持:
「沒有不好的員工,所有毛病都出在不健全的程序。」<4>

這些智慧之言對我學高爾夫有助益嗎?我中年以後才開始學,運動細胞也不高明。有沒有我做得到的?是否能事先定一個「程序」,每一次照著作?頂好是不論我的運動能力如何都能有所助益則更佳。

有一些事無關運動能力,我要在練習時將它養成習慣,上場時想都不需要想,從而減輕心裡壓力。我肯定以下的程序,如果一步一步每次揮桿都不偷工減料,一定大有幫助。這個程序讓我確定我與球的相關位置,球桿與球的相關位置,桿面與目標的關係每一次都是我的意願。我打算每一次揮桿都如此作:

1。確定目標線。
2。確定桿面與目標線的關係。
3。確定身體腳與目標線的關係。
4。確定球與身體的關係。
5。揮桿。多擔心無益。

1)站確定目標線。在球後面,在目標與球之間的直線 (目標線)上,球前面一、二呎處找一個明顯的記號;例如一片樹葉、顏色不同的草、你喜歡鳥糞也無不可。重點在 站在球後面看目標,然後找一個「中間目標」<5>。此時,看目標有多遠,球躺在地上的情況如何,決定要用那支球桿。此後就不要三心兩意了。

2)確定桿面與目標線的關係。桿面垂直於「中間目標」。你不必抬頭去看遠處的目標。眼睛的餘光就看得到「中間目標」。
(以下假定你是右拐子。)
如果站在球的旁邊去看遠處的目標,所瞄的是目標的右邊,不是你的本意。完美的揮桿恰好把球送到右邊去。<5>

3)確定身體腳與目標線的關係。雙腳並攏,右腳對著桿面。右手持桿,右臂自然下垂。此時你的雙腳平行與目標線了。
然後把左手放上球桿完成握桿的動作。兩臂自然下垂,雙手在下巴之下。站得太遠,你無法從內側擊球,並且損失速度。站的太近,身體擋住路,無法揮桿,你的身體於是發明各式各樣的彌補以便去打到球。照以上的程序做,則不需猜到底站的位置要離目標線多遠--桿長時,你自然離球稍遠;桿短時,自然稍近。

4)確定球與身體的關係。維持住雙腳與目標線平行,左腳往左去,右腳往右去。中桿(如7-、8-鐵)左右一樣多。長桿 (如3-鐵)往左少點,往右多些;短桿(如Pitching或Sand Wedges)反過來。為何如此?因為桿短時,球桿需要較短的時間就擊到球,所以球較靠右腳;長桿反之。我們希望桿面接觸到球時與目標線是垂直的。在這個原則之下,當然,在球場上你必需看地面的傾斜況作一些調整。如果右腳所站的地方高於左腳,球必需靠右腳一點。左腳高,反之。需調整多少,看坡度多斜。細節看經驗。

5)放心揮桿,想東想西徒自擾無濟於事。心裡有一絲一毫的懷疑,頭腦就不知到要教身體做什麽。

重點在於把握住絕對有能力做得到的--每次揮桿時,瞄準的方向、身體與目標線和球的關係永遠一樣。這樣,球出去如不理想,才有改善的對向。不然你永遠不知道問題出在何處。教練無從指導你。練的如火如荼,體重輕了、筋骨強了,球技沒進步。就像把汽車放在空檔拼命加油,熱鬧有之,但是永遠達不到目的地。古往今來所有成功的科學實驗均如此,無一例外。

 *****
<1>Aristotle:We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act,  but a habit.
<2> Phil Jackson 的書 "Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior. " 1995. ISBN 0-7868-6206 提到此事。
<3> Shaquille O'Neal: Excellence is not a single act,  but a habit.
<4> 豊田佐吉: People don't fail. Processes fail.
<5> 做個實驗:
站在球後看遠處的電桿,放個硬幣在球前一尺,讓球、硬幣、與電桿成一直線。現在站到旁邊正如你已準備好要揮桿了。 這時你是從旁邊看電桿。你的眼睛與電桿之間那一條直線不通過先前那一條,是嗎?你揮一個無懈可擊的桿,球受命往右去,這不是你要的。

2。撈它兩滴活水來



朱熹有詩:
半畝方塘一鑒開
天光雲影共徘徊
問渠那得清如許
為有源頭活水來
太太的妹妹和妹夫在美崙山買了塊地,計劃退休後蓋他們的「夢想以求的家」。我悄悄的有個念頭,想請個書法高手寫下這首詩送他們作 「入厝」的心意。
我看的是一副詩情畫意的景。行家看的是另一層次。朱夫子是儒學大師,時時刻刻在修身求進。
孔夫子的學問真是博大精深啊,前一刻我才覺得它清澈明朗,怎麽突然烏雲漫天讓我無從瞭解?那個池塘為什麼如此清澈如鏡?該是因為活水不斷的流進來吧。
林語堂曾辦過一份基督教的雜誌,叫「活水」;想是要鼓勵自己不時需祈禱、摒除壞念頭、注入好念頭。
孔子的學問,我一竅不通,耶穌的情操也只是聽人說過。但是對高爾夫的「瞻之在前,乎焉在後」倒是親身體驗不少。
去年與太太在 Snoqualmie Fall 高爾夫球場遇到一80多歲的老紳士,說是每年夏天從 Florida 來此跟兒子住,順便享受涼爽的 高爾夫 天氣。他打的不遠可是球球在球道上。
「老先生,你打的真是好!」
「可不是嗎,我已打了50多年了。雖然現在已經不能像你們年青人那樣全力揮桿,但是家那些小伙子沒有人敢跟我打賭。哈哈哈。」
那天我打了出空前未有的好成績;太太是證人。想是他的和藹、親切,他的不慌不忙、按步就班影嚮了我。第二個週末我們夫妻又去打。這次我可是自信滿滿--我完完全全知道該怎麽幹-- 「不慌不忙、按步就班」。同樣的18洞多打了16桿。我對 高爾夫 的「瞻之在前,乎焉在後」體認實不輸於朱老之對於孔老的學問。
年輕時常與一位好友秉燭喝酒。他的酒量好,說 「微醺未醉」的感覺「有如神仙」。我浪漫的一面對高爾夫的捉摸不定也有同感--好像就要得道但是永遠就差那一點的感覺,只在天上有。我實際的陰暗面則渴望多一點 「天光」少一點「雲影」。

去年,我們夫妻有幸與雪珍在 Wayne 打過一場球。9 洞下來,雪珍的每一個推桿,頭都沒有仰起。回家後,餐桌前,我們倆不禁感嘆 「三人行必有我師」。不知那天雪珍有沒有從我這裡學到任何東西。她可沒開口 「教我」,我可是受用不盡。球打了十幾年,連最基本的都做不到。她辦的到,我也應該努力。
往後,可能的話我要多與陌生人打球。總希望偶爾能撈到一兩滴活水。

1. 鬆


忘了是學太極或禪的人有這個說法:
鬆後能靜
靜中有定
定中有悟
悟中生慧
我想高爾夫亦然--你如果不放鬆就靜不下來,就不能作恰當的決定。
日前在女兒家過夜。女婿租了一片電影,"Trouble With The Curve"。Clint Eastwood演一位球探為Boston Red Sox 發掘棒球新星。一位西語裔的青少年在球場內賣花生,飽受揶揄。母親在motel幫忙打掃房間。球探作律師的女兒有慧眼,巧遇少年在motel停車場投擲棒球給弟弟練習。介紹少年到 Red Sox 總部大老板前面試。面對當前百般欺負他的壞傢伙。律師看他遲遲不動手,問「緊張嗎?」平靜的答以:「不。只不過是一場球賽而已。」不是緊張,不是猶豫,不是害怕,不是報仇;只不過是靜、定、悟、慧,罷了。

20多年前,在電視上看NHK的「宮本武蔵」。與佐々木小次郎決鬥嚴流島前一夜,幾個朋友要請他喝酒預祝他勝利。初,不赴宴;要安靜的準備次日的生死之戰。半响,欣然赴約,開懷暢飲。問為何改變主意。答以:我如果今天如此緊繃,明天必死無疑。

20126月號的 Golf Digest 上有一則小故事。常在電視 Golf Channel 上講評、分析高爾夫球的Brandel Chamblee談起1993年他在PGA很不順利,求教於有名的運動心理分析師Dr. Bob Rotella 星期日、一、二,什麽正經事都沒幹,只有喝咖啡,天南地北言不及義。第三天傍晚,Rottela 要他打10個推桿,要他想像每一個推桿都關係球賽的輸贏;10球進了5球。再來10個。這次,每一球都要比前一個更「不在意」。10球全進。次日一大早飛去參賽 Canadian Open。告訴桿弟:跟我談電影、談書、談女人,什麽都行。千萬別跟我談高爾夫。Chamblee 說那星期他贏了「一大票錢」。三天的學費5000美元; 喝了無數杯咖啡,東扯西聊,花了半小時,打了20個推桿。贏了「一大堆錢」;加上一個體認:從此以後,一踏上發球台就存心拍拖。Chamblee不多久後就退出打球為生的職業職,專心從事評論。想來大概維持 「鬆」不容易。

Sam Snead 1>說,在球場上的態度應是「像老牛徜佯於牧場悠閒的吃草」。說「握桿要像握隻小鳥在手裏,」千萬別把它捏死了。

我說不上來這個「鬆」做不來是「不為也」還是「不能也」。
我倒是懷疑提出「知難行易」學說的偉人從來沒打過高爾夫球。
附上幾個例子:唱歌,彈奏樂器的鬆。 武家的鬆。

  • 歌唱家,小提琴家,鋼琴家的“鬆”; 看他們的肩, 腕。

Mandy Patinkin - South Pacific - Younger Than Springtime
Anna Netrebko  - E Strano from La Traviata
-春の声(森麻季):
Zigeunerweisen Sarah Chang
Lola Astanova plays Chopin's Nocturne Op. 27 No. 2
David Garrett – Humoresque
Wilhelm Kempff plays Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata mvt. 3
-初恋 (鮫島有美子):
  • 武術家的“鬆”:

-合氣道表演:Yoshinori Kono - Herblay / France - 10.05.2009

-合氣道表演:不在動作快,威力來自旋轉:
-劍道:

*****
1Sam Snead 高爾夫名人堂一員。戰績:贏過四大公開賽7次,正式PGA82次,其他職業賽160次。贏球次數至今無人出其右。

2009-08-16

棒球

2009.08.15

人說棒球是美國的國技(national sport)。說美國人人玩棒球雖然誇張卻也離事實不遠。小孩子還不會綁鞋帶就玩(Tee Ball):把球放在Tee上打,其餘的規則與棒球毫無不同。公司野餐男女混合組隊,用個大一點的,軟一點的球,除了投球的方式不同,也與棒球一模一樣。從小學,中學,大學到職業隊各有各的聯盟(league);從AA,AAA到少棒 (little league),青少棒,青棒打到職業還分小聯盟 (minor league) ,大聯盟 (major league),球技愈來愈精,牽涉的名氣金錢也愈來愈多。 職業大聯盟的明星是小孩心目中的英雄偶像。次一級聯盟的球員碰到高一級聯盟的只有自嘆不如,甘拜下風。

五個人的小公司裡開會,談到為何不進入網路市場跟古歌 (Google),微軟,雅虎競爭。答以 “We are not in the same league.” (我們不在同一個聯盟比賽)。張三暗戀校花,好友問他為何不去追,答以 “She is out of my league.” (不敢高攀)。幾年前溫布頓女網冠亞軍賽,德國名將Steffi Graf正要發球,觀眾席上一位球迷高叫: “Steffi, will you marry me?”。答以 “How much money do you have?” 引起哄堂大笑。想來這個球迷的求婚毫無希望--She is out of his league.(她的門戶不是他高攀得到的。)

小孩放學後臨時組隊玩棒球,球技差的總是被派去守左外野。沒經過訓練的小孩把球打到左外野的機會小;防守左外野沒什麼生意,常常一輪下來,連球都摸不到一次,不知道發生了什麼事。公司裡張三告訴李四:「不需要請教那個新來的經理,他還沒摸清門路」。 “Don’t ask the new manager; he’s out in the left field and doesn’t know any answer yet.” 公司改組新經理不喜歡你,把你打入冷宮盡是分派你一些無關緊要無法立大功的工作。太太問你最近工作如何?答以 “I’ve been put in the left field.” (我被打入冷宮了。)

小孩子不專心,幾分鐘沒有球打過來,就開始東張西望,看看白雲是像狗還是像馬,拔一兩根草放在嘴裡嚼一嚼也不錯,球場旁邊黑莓味道更佳,小野兔跑過來也去追。教練大急頻頻做手勢,旁觀的父母也大叫: “Keep your eye on the ball!”,(眼睛看球,眼睛看球!)產品下個月就要出門了,電腦軟體總是出問題,修好了這個毛病,造出另一個新毛病,經理告誡工程師: “Keep your eye on the ball!”。市場變化無常,顧客的要求時常改變,別家公司總是搶先頭籌。老闆警告經理: “Keep your eye on the ball, or I’ll fire you!” (你如果不保持警惕專心注意對手在做什麼,顧客想要什麼就叫你滾蛋!)

球場上有一壘,二壘,三壘板,還有本壘板(home plate)。防守左外野時可以看看白雲咬咬小草,反正沒什麼生意。輪到你打擊時可就完全是另一回事。你走上本壘板(step up to the plate)全場的人都看著你,隔壁那個女生也跟著她的哥哥來看球。對方的投手更是虎視眈眈的看著你,還不斷的跟捕手擠眼睛做暗號,看什麼時候要投一個內角球,外角球,甚至來個變化球(curve ball)把你三振出局(strike out)。真是一個大挑戰。當然輪到你投球時也要以牙還牙給他一個變化球( Throw him a curve ball)躟他傷傷腦筋。

商場如戰場。兵不厭詐。對手處心積慮的要騙你,你也應該想盡辦法讓他們措手不及。產品出了問題,明明說好是要包商負責修理的,現在卻反口要我們出錢,媒體還說我們官商勾結。我們需要有人去跟包商理論,他們會找出種種藉口,指出契約上不清楚的地方來騙我們(throw us a curve ball)。記者也會故意問一些奇怪的問題,誘我們上當。有誰可以接受這個挑戰(Who can step up to the plate)?小張,你願意接受這個挑戰嗎 (John, will you step up to the plate) ? 誰能站出來收拾這個爛攤子(Who will step up the plate and clean up the mess) !

第九局下半場,我方落後三分,滿壘,二出局,不來個全壘打就要輸球了。在這緊要關頭(clutch moment)非得派上打擊率高又能打得遠的大將 (big hitter 或 heavy hitter)來代打不可。這個代打者(clutch hitter 或 clutch player)真是責任重大。在公司裡如果被公認能力高強的人(big hitter 或 heavy hitter)在緊要關頭(clutch moment)能臨危授命站出來(step up to the plate)完成使命(succeed in the clutch),在事業上定能一帆風順,也是人生一大樂。

棒球場上結結實實的把球打出去了,跑者還得chu壘 (touch base)才算安打。職場上不能只靠能力強,埋頭苦幹,還要要有團隊精神: 該與什麼人報告進度, 該與哪些人商量做什麼,怎麼做,如何分擔責任等等都不可忽略。 成功之鑰在於團隊裡每個人分工各有專職又都能時時協(touch base)。

2009-08-14

學一兩招防身的本領

初稿:2009.08.06

我喜歡陳之藩的文章,更喜歡胡適與他之間亦師亦友的關係。陳之藩提起胡適不厭其煩的的介紹西方的民主思想到中國;胡適說:「只是要教年輕人一些防身的本領罷了。」

我想胡適的用意是要訓練年輕人有獨立思考(critical thinking)的能力,以免上野心政客,江湖郎中,神棍騙子的當。年輕人上當把熱情用錯地方固然不好,中老年人上當而給年輕人錯誤的忠告,豈不更糟。自忖也該學一兩招以免誤己誤人。這一兩招叫科學,叫民主。

沙崗(Carl Sagan)是有名的科學家,痛心民眾的愚昧受神棍,靈異,密醫愚弄,一向推廣科學不遺餘力。日前在舊書攤買到一本他的書:The Demon-Haunted World. ISBN:0-345-40946-9. 節譯第三十八,三十九頁如下做為自我期許。

科學的價值觀念與民主的價值觀念是一致的,在某些情況下甚至無法區分二者有任何的不同。科學與民主起源於同一個時候,同一地方—都是在西元前六、七世紀的希臘。
科學之前人人平等, 任何人只要肯下功夫去學都能享有科學的威力與利益。科學的進步有賴人人自由的交換意見。 科學的精神在一切公開。科學與民主都鼓勵非傳統的意見和激烈的辯論。兩者都極力要求充分的理性,前後一致的論理辯論,嚴謹的證據與誠實不欺。科學是防禦神秘主義,迷信以及神棍密醫的堡壘。當人家要騙我們時,科學會提出警戒。當我們誤入歧途時,科學能即時提供矯正歧途的方法。科學的語言,規則,和方法愈是普遍的使用,傑弗遜(Thomas Jefferson)等人的建國理念愈能實現。
在充滿著迷惑和騙局的汪洋大海中尋找些許真理需要時時警惕和專注,也需要勇氣。但是如果我們不養成這種理性思考的習慣,我們將無法解決所面對的難題。我們的國家,我們的世界將充滿著無數容易上當的呆瓜。

2009-08-07

短笛無腔

2008-08-06
何懷碩有書,名「十年燈」想是取自:
江湖夜雨十年燈, 桃李春風一杯酒
記得中學時國文課本有一篇文章叫「雪泥鴻爪」。猜是取自蘇軾的詩:
人生到處知何似, 恍似飛鴻踏雪泥
泥上偶然留指爪, 鴻飛那復計東西
日本東京有個「小西川後樂園」是明末大儒朱舜水設計命名的。取自笵仲淹「岳陽樓記」裡的:
先天下之憂而憂, 後天下之樂而樂
妻收集了一些家居生活歡樂的照片,配以她喜歡的音樂,名之「常想一二」。用意在不去落入俗語所說的「人生不如意事十常八九」,提醒自己要珍惜簡單的歡樂。 有時也想寫文章以自娛。有機會發表當然很好,沒人青睬也可以自設一個部落格,邀請親朋好友批評指教也算是發表吧。部落格總得有個名;叫什麼好呢? 家附近有個小池塘,樹林草叢,山光水色,在晨曦落霞之下,與妻攜手散步頗為賞心愉快。不禁想起一首詩:
水滿池塘草滿陂, 山銜落日浸寒漪
牧童歸去橫牛背, 短笛無腔信口吹
生活在風景秀麗氣候溫和一片富庶的西雅圖。今已年過半百,職場上爭勝的雄心已淡,兩個孩子也無虞憂慮。斜躺在院子裡,看著白雲飄飄樹葉搖搖,信手寫寫雜感不也是一大享受?牧童吹笛之樂在「信口」﹣﹣既不吹唐明皇的曲,也不吹莫札特的調。我寫作之樂在「順手」﹣﹣既不存心文以載道,也不擔心才疏學淺;既不刻意創作也不迴避翻譯。只是要誠誠實實地寫我心裡的話。 若自名「信口吹」顯得態度不真,說話不負責,就將我的部落格命名「短笛無腔」吧。台灣人姓名常是三個字,就以「笛無腔」為筆名吧。

2009-04-01

Are You Being Considerate?

Source Text by Snow Bird
at http://chensnowbird.blogspot.com/2008/12/blog-post_14.html
Are You Being Considerate? [1]

On the days I don’t have to go to work, I sometimes sleep until nine and my husband will have gone to work already. I probably would feel uneasy if I were in my mom’s or mother-in-law’s household. This is my husband’s being considerate [1]; when he comes home he always asks enviously when I got out of bed. My son gave me two foam pads to put on the kitchen floor. He thought I would be less tired standing on the pads while I do my kitchen work. I tried, he was right. My daughter, knowing I love my stress-free and book-rich job at the library, did not want me to quit my work to take care of her baby. She said she would hire someone to take care of the baby. When my husband is at home he is allowed plenty of personal space—play on his computer, watch TV, snoozing, or read, even eat junk food that he shouldn’t eat; no wife to nag him; weekend is family time. Are you being considerate? [2]

At the year-end party I overheard a friend telling her husband to invite un-accompanied ladies to dance. I couldn’t help myself and hugged her telling her how sweet and considerate she was. I invited a few friends home for the New Year’s Eve party; a friend went out of his way [3] to pick up another invitee who doesn’t drive at night, so that she could come to the party. At a lunch seminar, my husband was delayed by some business chores. When he arrived the lunch was over. A husband-wife couple went to the kitchen and brought him not only the well prepared dishes but also fruits and deserts. The on-lookers were envious, my husband was happy, the couple was even happier. Perhaps, once in a while, you should try a different way of doing things—do something nonchalantly and don’t expect anything in return. I guarantee you will feel very good.

A friend has been driving for decades but has never pumped gas—her husband always does it for her. One day she was driving on a low gas tank and had no choice not to add fuel. She managed the best she could, but forgot to close the cap of the fuel tank; red light on the panel lit up. The repair job cost her quite a grief. Her son took her to a gas station, demonstrated how to pump gas, step by step, and reminded her again and again, “Remember, you must hear at least three clicks.” From then on, she ran all over the place as if she had grown wings. Tell me, my friends; was the husband being considerate or the son? People say, in America, if you can’t drive you are like moving around without feet. But, I have friends who have legal driver’s license but just don’t drive. Although their husbands chauffeur them everywhere, but there got to be times it becomes very inconvenient and, once in a while, some unpleasant things invariably happen. They explained, “He dare not sit in the car when I am driving.” Are their husbands being considerate?

The Seattle Times had this story around Christmas, 2008 [4]:

One early morning a middle aged lady paid for her drink at a coffee stand and told the barista that she would pay for the next customer as well. The clever barista immediately decided to play this “serendipity” game along; the next customer paid for the one next in line. The chain lasted for a few days—all in all more than 500 people paid for the next customer. The coffee shop got the best deal—because not knowing what the next customer would order, one usually paid more than necessary. Being considerate can be infectious.

The New York Times had a touching story:

A talented writer, journalist and musician, suffered a stroke while putting away his musical instrument after he performed in a library. He was paralyzed but all his cognitive abilities and intelligence remained intact. The doctor was not optimistic about his recovery: It would be a miracle if he could learn to move his fingers, let along operates a computer or a wheelchair. His literary writing skill and witty columns are now silent curses. To play another piece of music is now just a fantasy. He was an eloquent speaker; now he has to depend on his wife to speak for him--he cannot even nod or shake his head; he can only move his eyes to indicate whether his wife conveys his intentions correctly, although his intelligence is still all there. His wife says when he cries he cries for me, because he knows from now on this responsibility of speaking for him will burden me for the rest of my life. [5]

If I were to live in that kind of cruelty, how resentful would I be? Would I still be able to playfully ask my husband, “Are you being considerate today?” Everyday, he may dream just to be able to have a conversation and to take a walk with his wife. Despite being disappointed everyday for years he still can see twinkling stars in a dark tunnel; despite the agony, he can still reflect on what the lavishes he shouldn’t have indulged; he still feels blessed that he is still alive and still have the love of his family. At his son’s wedding, his message (he winked and his wife guessed) was humorously self-effacing while demonstrating a strong will to live. He reminded his son to cherish life, to call his mother more often, to love his family, and to readily praise people. After reading this story I couldn’t help ask myself, “Am I being considerate today?”

========================================================
[1] Considerateness sounds very awkward to me. Instead of using the noun form of the word, I choose to fit “being considerate” in the sentences I construct. The Merriam-Webster Thesaurus gives the synonyms: kind, kindly, compassionate, sympathetic, amiable, complaisant, etc.
[2] Punctuation usage: The source text uses more commas and semi colons. I choose to use period a lot more.
[3] The source text gave the information that it cost him 20 extra minutes. I omitted this information.
[4] The source text did not mention where and when the story was published. But, I know, because the author and I talked about it over breakfast when we both read the newspaper.
[5] I am struggling for the English verb tenses here. The Chinese language does not have verb tenses. The source text is very clear in the order of events without the benefit (or curse) of verb tenses. I have to improvise the English verb tenses here.